MYD88 and infection: Although infection with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae has been reported to induce K63-linked polyubiquitin at the K231 residue of MyD88 to promote proinflammatory cytokine production, cylindromatosis (CYLD) will remove the K63-linked ubiquitin chain at this residue of MyD88 to negatively regulate MyD88-mediated signaling (67).