Moreover, CD4-positive T lymphocytes and IECs could secrete GSDMD-NT in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced systemic endotoxemia, and GSDMD-NT killed the Proteobacteria phylum via directly interacting with cardiolipin, thereby restraining gut barrier impairment and intestinal inflammation (65). Here, GSDMD is linked to serum lipopolysaccharide activity.