The MC1 selective small molecule BMS-470539 has shown therapeutic efficacy in various models of neuro-inflammation (19, 20), ability to reduce leukocyte infiltration in a model of lung inflammation (16), improvement of membranous nephropathy (21) and reduction of joint inflammation using the K/BxN serum induced transfer arthritis (STIA) model (22). This evidence concerns the gene ATP7A and arthritic joint disease.