This result is consistent with a new conception that pyruvate which is involved in glucose-stimulation insulin secretion (GSIS) is an insulin stimulator, as demonstrated in Type 1 diabetes patients by reducing the total daily dose (TDD) of insulin injection with oral pyruvate and diabetic db/db mice with increasing blood insulin levels by oral Pyr-ORS treatments (Petkova et al., 2007; Inoue et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2020b). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.