Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) present in the ER membrane can regulate ER stress, and studies have shown that inhibition of PTP1B can alleviate sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain and ultimately improve cognitive impairments with reduced learning, memory, and other abilities (75), therefore the development of general anesthetic neurotoxicity may be mediated by ER stress in the developing brain. The gene discussed is PTPN1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.