Moreover, Elamipretide (SS-31) (a mitochondrial-targeted peptide) has shown protective effects against post-surgery cognitive deficits in aged mice subjected to laparotomy, which involves multiple mechanisms including rescuing surgery-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, NLRP3/caspase 1-dependent pyroptosis, neuronal damage and downregulation of synaptic integrity in hippocampus [47]. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.