TNF and injury: An animal study showed that oral feeding of LBP (1 or 10 mg/kg) for 10 h in mice with liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride for 8 h after 2-h pretreatment of LBP reduced mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS, and decreased NF-κB activity, indicating that LBP may suppress the expression of proinflammatory markers by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB [27].