INS and metabolic disease: KATP channels activation has also been reported by other stimulants such as xanthine, diazoxide, etc. KATP channels play basic roles in nerve, muscle, epithelial, and endocrine tissue physiology and their direct activation regulates pancreatic islet β-cell membrane potential, calcium influx, and insulin secretion, and rectifies drug targets for metabolic disorders of glucose homeostasis [47].