TLR2 and digestive system infectious disorder: Yang and coauthors reported the impact of VAD on mucosal immunity against intestinal infection by Salmonella typhimurium, where they observed impaired humoral and cellular immunity in the intestinal mucosa due to markedly upregulated mucosal dendritic cells, IL-12, TLR2, MyD88 and IFN-γ but decreased intestinal sIgA in Gn rats [93].