ACE and breast carcinoma: Several authors have demonstrated the antioxidant ability of β-carotene not only in the reduction in bladder, esophageal or breast cancer risk, but also against kidney injury induced by thioacetamide in rats, mainly through a decreased production of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) [63,64].