Overall, these studies provide evidence of the effectiveness of BBR against pancreatic cancer in vitro and suggest that expression of wildtype p53 and/or inhibition of MDM2 renders pancreatic cancer cells more sensitive to BBR, and that GSK-3β may be an important regulator of the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to BBR (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene MDM2 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.