TNF and viral infectious disease: Overall, there were multiple pathways, including immunology, viral infection, signal transduction, cancer, signaling by interleukins, TNF signaling pathway, advanced glycation end products (AGE)-receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications, IL-17 signaling pathway, Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), apoptosis, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling pathway, found to be associated with the 434 curated gene sets of NRICM101–human genes–COVID-19.