TWIST1 and neoplasm: As reported in Figure 2, acidic female M51 cells, among the several markers and transcription factors of EMT investigated, showed only an increased amount of vimentin (Figure 2, panel A), whereas acidic male SSM2c cells expressed a clear enhancement of mRNA mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin and vimentin, and an increasing amount of Twist, SNAIL, and Zeb1, three of the major transcription factors governing EMT in various tumor cells (Figure 2, panel B).