The results of this study suggest that the expression level of miR-145-5p may be an indicator of the resistance to pemetrexed in NSCLC, and RNA drugs that enhance the miR-145-5p level in NSCLC tissues might have the potential to enhance the efficacy of pemetrexed, especially in subjects with a high level of BMI1 expression. This evidence concerns the gene BMI1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.