To further investigate the latter hypothesis, whole-exome sequencing of DNA samples from PXE-like β-thalassemia patients was performed by Boraldi et al., revealing rare sequence variants in genes involved in elastin homeostasis (FBN3, LTBP3) and mitochondrial functioning (GPX1, SLC25A5) [54]. This evidence concerns the gene GPX1 and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (inherited or acquired).