To the best of our knowledge, this work has shown for the first time that the upregulation of SURVIVIN/BIRC5 in obese subjects is significantly higher in males, which highlights the potential role of the SURVIVIN/BIRC5 oncogene as a predictive biomarker of susceptibility to HCC in male patients with obesity. This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.