In both male and female rats, the obesity group of animals showed an upregulation of the oncogenes SURVIVIN/BIRC5 and MYC, together with a downregulation of genes linked to antioxidant protection, GSTM2, SIRT1 and SIRT6, and the tumor suppressors TGFB1, TP53 and PTEN (Figure 1A,B). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.