On the contrary, as expected, the subset distribution of IFNγ, IL2 and TNFα of CD4 T-cells in HD was heterogeneous, characterized by a higher proportion of IFNγ (CD4 IFNγ+IL2-TNFα-), IL2 (CD4 IFNγ-IL2+TNFα-), and TNFα (CD4 IFNγ-IL2-TNFα+) CD4 producing T-cells, indicating a Th1 polarization of antigen-specific CD4 T-cells, that are known to exert a protective role against viral infections and other intracellular pathogens and supporting the ability of the mRNA vaccine to induce a coordinated immune response in this population [25]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and viral infectious disease.