Similarly, the nuclear receptors involved in Xenobiotic metabolism were found to be significantly activated: AHR, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and pregnane X receptor (PXR) are ligand activated transcriptional factors (Figure 1 and Figure 3), along with nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway (Figure 1 and Repository IPA data) are activated in inflamed IBD tissue transcripts relative to control tissue. This evidence concerns the gene AHR and irritable bowel syndrome.