In further proteomic comparisons between IBD and acute SARS infected NE swab samples, the EIF2 signalling cascade was amongst the most significantly modulated pathways across all comparisons (Figure 1B, p < 0.0001), but in particular for acute SARS infection, while suppression of EIF2 signaling occurred in acute infection with increased levels of EIF4 and PABPC1 observed, EIF2 signalling remained higher in patients with ongoing symptom (Figure 2C). This evidence concerns the gene PABPC1 and inflammatory bowel disease.