Therefore, S100B could act more as a neuroprotective than a neurotoxic agent in our patients, yet it is also plausible that in a group of epilepsy patients with higher activity of disease (i.e., more frequent and/or more severe seizures), the level of S100B would differ and S100B would contribute to neuronal damage and intensification of inflammation. The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is epilepsy.