Furthermore, markers of endothelial dysfunction/injury and/or oxidative stress, such as ADMA, endothelin 1 (ET-1), PAI-I, visfatin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), VEGFs, and soluble adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 or CD54) and VCAM-1 (Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 or CD106), may be used to assess other derangements associated with inflammation in PCOS patients [14,52,118,119,120]. Here, MMP9 is linked to endothelial dysfunction.