INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In order to provide an integrated measure of the physiological effects of Tirzepatide on glucose homoeostasis, a double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, phase 1 study that compared the hormonal and metabolic effects of Tirzepatide (titrated to once-weekly 15 mg) with those of Semaglutide (titrated to once-weekly 1 mg) or placebo in patients with T2DM was designed, using gold-standard dynamic stimulatory tests to assess insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity (i.e., hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps) and using mixed-meal tolerance tests [49].