The knowledge derived from whole-scale cancer genome sequencing has identified somatic mutational landscapes in cancer, while years of fundamental research in cancer genetics, signaling, and cellular and molecular biology have depicted various cancer-specific mutations, i.e., among others, HER2 (breast), EGFR (colorectal, lung), BRAF (melanoma), ALK (lung), and BCR-ABL (leukemia), all used as therapeutic targets (reviewed in [5] and references herein). The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is cancer.