NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: For example, a study published in 2018 followed 2450 adults with high-risk MDS or AML with standard risk and wild-type NPM1 who had MRD assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry, and found that outcomes were similar between the patients who had a partial remission and patients who had a CR but remained MRD-positive (5-year OS of 46% versus 51%, respectively) [85].