Although serum adiponectin concentration has been shown to be low in patients with CVD in the general population, differing relationships have been identified in patients with CKD; for example, a 1 mg/mL increase in adiponectin concentration has been shown to be associated with a 3% lower risk of CVD in one study [18], but a 6% higher risk in another study [19]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is chronic kidney disease.