PNPLA3 and steatosis: Besides MAFLD and coincidental metabolic abnormalities, we also examined three major fatty liver disease-related genetic variants [18], which have been associated with steatosis/fibrosis/cirrhosis and HCC risk (mainly in Caucasians, especially the UK biobank cohort [27,28,29]), and found that the PNPLA3 rs738409 GG and MBOAT7 rs641738 TT homozygous missense variants were also associated with an increased risk of HCC in CHB.