Over the past decade, a number of immune checkpoint molecules including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), and B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA, also known as CD272) have been identified and well-studied in cancer [2,3]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.