A recent study demonstrated that EGF-mediated activation of MMP-9 occurred through increased PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, and STAT3/STAT5 signalling in glioma cells, leading to NF-κB localisation to the promoter of the MMP-9 gene and promoting GBM migration and invasion in vitro [116]. Here, MMP9 is linked to glioma.