TNF and neoplasm: Once activated in inflammatory cells, NF-kB regulates cell cycle mediators (cyclin D1, c-Myc), anti-apoptotic (c-FLIP, survivin, Bcl-XL) and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ELAM-1, VCAM-17), proteolytic enzymes such as MMP-9 and uPA and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6), which, altogether, contribute to inflammation-related tissue damage and tumor development and progression [124].