DKK3 and gastric cancer: For example, the assessment of DKK3 expression together with a CT scan image improves metastasis prediction in gastric cancer patients [93]; DKK3 gene promoter hypermethylation, which is associated with reduced gene expression, correlates with disease recurrence in esophageal cell carcinoma [94] and with disease recurrence and metastasis in breast [95] and gastric cancers [6].