Renal dysfunction was found as the underlying condition of chronic kidney disease in all patients with pathologically confirmed benign ovarian tumors, very high HE4 (>300 pmol/L) levels, low CA125 (35 U/mL) values, and a benign imaging prediction (5 patients of the CT group and 1 patient of the MRI group). Here, WFDC2 is linked to Abnormal renal physiology.