PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Based on the results of two large randomized phase III trials [13,14] in 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the first time two immune checkpoint inhibitors for early stage NSCLC: anti PD-L1 atezolizumab for adjuvant treatment of stage II to IIIA resected NSCLC and anti PD-1 nivolumab in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy for preoperative treatment of resectable NSCLC.