TNF and neoplasm: In this study, we demonstrated that the DT of ICB and therapeutic vaccination plus caerin 1.1/1.9 increased the proinflammatory cytokine IL12, while reducing IL10, IL6 and TNF-α secretion in tumour macrophages; the depletion of macrophages greatly attenuated the anti-tumour responses by DT boosted by caerin 1.1/1.9.