HK2 and Familial prostate cancer: In prostate cancer cells, loss of PTEN leads to overexpression of HK2 via activation of the Akt/mTORC1/4EBP1 axis and loss of p53 increases the stability of HK2 mRNA by inhibiting the biogenesis of miR-143, which destabilizes HK2 mRNA in cancer cells [39,40].