PARP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In terms of therapeutic studies, vaccine mixtures containing NEIL3 peptides have shown new therapeutic directions in HCC treatment studies [76], and NEIL3 knockdown increased the sensitivity of GBM cells to radiotherapy, ATR inhibitors and PARP1 inhibitors [35], suggesting that the combination approach of targeted inhibition of NEIL3 with ATR/PARP1 inhibitors may become a new therapeutic target for some cancers.