NEIL3 and Anxiety: An in-depth study revealed that NEIL3 might stabilize the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), neuronal progenitor cells, astrocytes, and microglia by repairing Sp and Gh damage in ssDNA, thus promoting neurogenesis and resisting neurological damage caused by hypoxia [102,103], while Neil3-/- mice partially lost the function of repairing Sp and Gh damage in ssDNA, resulting in impaired hippocampal neurotransmission systems and constitutive changes in synapses, exhibiting learning and memory deficits and reduced anxiety-like behavior [103].