VCAM1 and metastatic neoplasm: Third, genetic deletion of VCAM-1 in K7M2, depleting pulmonary MACs expressing VLA-4, or blockade of VCAM-1/VLA-4 via intravenous or intratracheal administration of the anti-α4 antibody dramatically reduces pulmonary OS (pOS) incidence or established metastatic disease burden (manuscript in review) in preclinical mouse models, suggesting that inhibition of VCAM-1/VLA-4 interaction may be of clinical benefit in treating clinical pOS in human patients.