TNF and breast carcinoma: While Dinkel et al. [49] reported that glucocorticoids upregulated the TNFα signaling in rat CNS, Messmer et al. [50] and Zhang et al. [51] documented that the glucocorticoids inhibited TNFα expression in human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and human subcutaneous adipocytes and preadipocytes, respectively.