The altered expression of PERK, IRE1α, ASK1, and other downstream molecules ss suggested to be involved in the process of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, precancerous lesions, and eventually HCC, suggesting that the UPR is extensively elevated during hepatocarcinogenesis [18,19,20]. This evidence concerns the gene ERN1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.