BRCA1 and ovarian cancer: Much research has focused on the potential causes of ovarian cancer, highlighting the role of key risk factors including family history, ethnicity, and hereditary conditions, particularly mutations in BRCA1/2 (breast cancer 1/2) and MMR (mismatch repair) genes, as well as age, obesity, endometriosis, diet, anti-inflammatory drugs, postmenopausal hormone therapy, smoking, chronic inflammation and infections in the ovary, including HPV, CMV, and chlamydia trachomatis.