INS and dementia: If brain cells becoming too resistant to insulin leads to elevated blood glucose, impaired synaptic plasticity, microglial overactivation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, nutrient deprivation, TAU phosphorylation, and cholinergic dysfunction, dementia is a group of symptoms affecting memory-encoding mechanisms, including difficulty in visual and spatial abilities, problem-solving, handling complex tasks, planning and organizing, coordination and motor functions, loss of memory, and changes in cognitive functions.