We noted that higher serum Mb, worsening renal functions (i.e. higher UMALB and Scr and lower eGFR), more diabetes comorbidities (i.e. diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy), worsening IR and β-cell function (higher IGI/HOMA-IR, AC, HOMA-BETA, and I/G 0 min), and worse glucose control (e.g. higher HGI and AGLU) were associated with DKD. Here, MB is linked to diabetes mellitus.