In this study, hepatic expression of total IRS1 did not differ significantly between all groups (Fig. 5a) while tyrosine phosphorylation in IRS1 (Tyr612) decreased in WD (P = 0.0002 vs. Cont and P < 0.0001 vs. Fe) and WD + Fe (P = 0.0002 vs. Cont and P = 0.0087 vs. Fe) groups compared with Cont and Fe groups (Fig. 5b). Here, IRS1 is linked to Wilson disease.