Here we show that in vitro, infection by USUV Europe 2 and WNV lineage 2, two lineages associated with neurological impairments in humans, led to the increased release in both apical and basolateral compartments of the human BBB of IL6 and TNF-α, whereas the genetic modulation of IL1β led also to an upregulation of mRNA expression. Here, IL1B is linked to infection.