APOB and type 1 diabetes mellitus: However, an extensive review of studies in non-T1D individuals shows that substitution of SFAs by isocaloric exchange with monosaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or polysaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) improves lipid metabolism (including lower levels of LDL-C, triglycerides, ApoB, and ApoA-I, as well as total cholesterol:HDL-C ratio), and glucose homeostasis (including lower HbA1c and IR measured as HOMA-IR), although findings were less conclusive regarding the impact of this on cardiovascular disease risk [30].