Particularly, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) have all been shown to cause mesothelial cell retraction, exposure of the underlying ECM, while facilitating the adhesion of cancer cells to the mesothelial cell monolayer [52–55]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is cancer.