On the other hand, a significant reduction in the mRNA levels of CRPPA (formerly ISPD [35]), encoding D-ribitol-5-phosphate cytidylyltransferase [76, 120], and LARGE2 genes (by ‒ 1.39- and ‒ 5.88-fold, respectively), was evidenced in patients with renal cell carcinoma, which was associated with an increased mortality [76]. Here, CRPPA is linked to hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.