Activation of the classical NF-κB pathway leads to a chronic inflammatory response, including the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, e.g. GRO-α/chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) chemokines15,16, thus being responsible for the formation and development of brain aneurysms. Here, CXCL1 is linked to brain aneurysm.