VCAM1 and sarcoidosis: Moreover, although the whole sarcoidosis group showed only a tendency towards higher concentrations of serum endothelial damage biomarkers, including thrombomodulin and VCAM-1 (p = 0.09, both), patients with the coexisting extrapulmonary manifestation, e.g., extra-thoracic lymphadenopathy, had elevated circulating VCAM-1 as compared to the remaining subjects (1295.7 [95% CI 954.9—1636.6] ng/ml, n = 11 vs. 882.1 [95% CI 835.3–928.8] ng/ml, n = 42; p < 0.001).