CD38 and myelodysplastic syndrome: FACS-sorted HSCs (CD34+ CD38- CD90+ CD45RA−) obtained from young (n = 17, average=20.53 y/o, range = 18–22 y/o) (YHA_1-17) and older (n = 8, average = 67.5 y/o, range = 58–81) healthy adults (OHA_1–8), as well as from untreated MDS patients (n = 12, average = 70 y/o, range = 51–87 y/o) (MDS_1-MDS_12) were analyzed using low-input RNA-seq (Fig. 1b and S1a; details of healthy donors and patients are shown in Tables S1 and S2).