As NAD + /NADH homeostasis and aspartate biosynthesis were previously reported to be critical for cancer cell proliferation, they indicated that metformin (1 mM for cells and 500 mg/kg for mice models) could suppress the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing the loss of NAD + /NADH homeostasis and downregulating aspartate biosynthesis levels through inhibiting mitochondrial complex I, which is also called NADH dehydrogenase [20, 112]. This evidence concerns the gene ENSG00000254051 and cancer.