PDCD1 and lung carcinoma: In a Phase I trial of immunotherapy using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PD-1-edited T cells in patients with advanced NSCLC (NCT02793856), T lymphocytes were extracted from patients with lung cancer, Then, Cas9 and sgRNA plasmids were co-transfected into T cells by electroporation, and the PD-1 gene of these T cells was targeted and deleted.